Outfield
When a ball gets through the infield, it is just a hit. When
a ball gets by the outfield, it is usually a run and often means a win for the
other team. The outfield is the last line of defense. Outfielders are not often
noticed until they make a mistake. Good outfielders make catches look easy.
They are smooth, not flashy. Outfielders should have pride in a job well done
and a philosophy that no catchable ball will ever drop in their area, that no
hit will ever get by them, and that no runner will ever run on them.
Although some skills will vary by position, all three outfielders should
share the following characteristics:
- Good speed and agility
- Strong overhand throw
- Sure-handed
- Ability to anticipate and get a jump on the ball
- Good judgment under pressure
- A love of catching fly balls
- Stay focused and alert
The center fielder should be the fastest of the outfielders
because she has the most area to cover. She must get a good jump on the ball
and be aggressive. The center fielder has priority on all balls. She should be
a good diver because she can afford to gamble knowing that a teammate will back
her up on every attempt. The center fielder needs to be a vocal leader because
she needs to communicate to the other outfielders and the middle infielders.
Your best outfielder usually plays center field.
The right fielder has the longest throw to third base, so
the most important consideration is the strength of her throws. A left-handed
thrower is in the best position to make throws from the right-field line, but
the most important consideration is throwing ability. A right fielder who can
charge ground balls well and release the ball quickly is a real asset because
she can turn what looks like a hit to right into an out at first.
The left fielder has the left-field line to cover. A
right-hander has a slightly easier throw on balls hit down the line, but here
too the more important factor is throwing ability. The left fielder's longest
throw is to home, so her arm can be the weakest of the three outfielders. The
left fielder should have the ability to go back well because most batters are
right-handed and their hard-hit balls will be in that direction.
THROWING
Outfielders need to develop a quick release, good velocity,
and accuracy on their throws. The long throw often required of outfielders
demands particular attention to the mechanics of the overhand throw and the
long bounce throw. For extra strength on a throw, outfielders may need to use
the crow hop. On the overhand throw outfielders should think "over the
top" and exaggerate the follow-through by reaching forward and picking up
grass. They should focus on a straight-line throw with good vertical backward
spin to get the perfect bounce on the throw to the plate. The ball should come
off the fingertips with the thumb pointing toward the ground. Outfielders
should snap the wrist down and feel the fingers pulling on the seams.
Outfielders throw on a direct line in the air when close to
the base or when throwing to an infielder for a relay. When the distance is too
great for a quick, straight shot, the throw goes to the relay person or bounces
10 to 15 feet in front of the receiver. Throws to the relay person should be to
the glove-side shoulder. Throws to the bases for a force should be chest high
and knee high for a tag. Throws home from left field must be inside or outside
the base path to avoid hitting the runner. On throws home the target is the
plate no matter where the cutoff person is. The throw goes to the plate and
through the chest of the cutoff.
When warming up, outfielders should include long-distance
throwing to stretch and develop all the muscles involved in making longer
throws. Players start about 30 feet apart and gradually back up to a distance
of about 100 feet. During games, outfielders should keep their arms warm
between innings by throwing among themselves (left to center to right and back)
or by using an extra player from the bench to warm up the nearest outfielder.
They throw sharply and accurately using correct technique.
Using the one-step throw allows outfielders to get rid of
the ball quickly. By fielding with the throwing-side foot forward, the player
needs to take just one step to throw. A right-handed thrower fields the ball
with the right foot forward, then steps with the left and throws. The crow hop
is added when the player needs more velocity on the ball or lacks arm strength.
An outfielder may start with either foot forward, depending on the position of
the feet when fielding the ball. A player will probably come to prefer either
the left or the right foot forward and will automatically adjust the feet to be
in that position.
- Crow hop starting on the left leg--A right-handed thrower fields the
ball with the weight on the forward left leg (see figure 4. la on page 66).
Then, when turning sideways to throw, she brings the right foot to the heel of
the left foot (see figure 4.1 b). The thrower hops on the right foot, steps
forward with the left foot in the direction of the throw, and transfers the
weight forward onto the left foot as she throws (see figure 4.1c). The
outfielder should develop a rhythm or smoothness in executing the crow hop.
- Crow hop starting on the right leg--A right-handed thrower fields
the ball with the weight on the forward right leg (see figure 4.2a on page 66).
After fielding the ball she turns sideways while hopping on the right foot (see
figure 4.2b), steps with the left foot to the target, throws, and transfers the
weight forward onto the left foot.
a |
b |
| Figure 4.2 Crow hop starting on the right
leg. (a) Field the ball with the right leg forward and(b) turn
sideways while hopping on the right foot before stepping with the left foot to
throw.
|
| Coaching Points for the Outfielder's Throw
- On short throws use one step and throw.
- On medium to long throws use the crow hop.
- An overhand throw is essential to avoid straining the arm and to create
good vertical spin.
- Exaggerate the follow-through by reaching for the grass.
- Make straight-line throws--no rainbows.
- On throws to home bounce the ball 15 feet in front of the catcher. Two
bounces are better than no bounce.
|
CATCHING FLY BALLS
The basic ready fielding position is described in chapter 1.
The key is to be in a balanced position ready to move quickly to the ball. As
noted, outfielders in their ready position generally hold their gloves a little
higher than infielders do (see figure 1.3 on page 4). Players should use proper
catching techniques whenever possible but must remember that the goal is to
catch everything. See the ball, catch the ball. On routine fly balls the catch
should always be made with both hands slightly above the head and in front of
the throwing shoulder. Players track the ball all the way into the glove.
Footwork
An outfielder's first movement when the ball is hit is back
-- a short drop step of two or three inches. This step back puts the body in
motion and prevents the player from being caught back on her heels. The drop
step is the key to having quick reactions. The player makes the drop step back
and locates the ball. Then, after reading the ball, the fielder decides the
angle she needs to take to catch the ball. Drop step, locate, go on an angle to
the ball.
For balls hit in front of her, after the drop step the
outfielder pushes off the back foot and goes directly to the ball. For balls to
the sides, the jab step followed by the crossover step (see chapter 1, page 8)
is used. For balls diagonally back, a quick pivot off the drop step to get in
position and then an inside or outside roll is most effective.
On balls diagonally back and over her head, after the first
drop step the outfielder turns to the side that she perceives the ball is
coming. If the outfielder misjudges the ball or it drifts to the other side and
is no longer in sight, an inside or outside roll is used to turn to the
opposite side (see chapter 1, page 13).
Players should not think too much about footwork. Quick
feet, balance, and good judgment are the keys to getting to the spot where the
ball can be caught. Players should practice so that they are balanced and
comfortable going after every type of ball.
As an outfielder runs with her back to home after a ball
directly over her head, the ball will occasionally drift from one shoulder to
the other. By simply turning her head to the opposite shoulder, she can locate
the ball for the catch.
The outfielder should run on the balls of the feet with a
smooth stride to prevent jarring her eyes and blurring her vision. She should
glide to the ball using good running technique, pumping the arms back and forth
while keeping them close by her side, and reach for the ball with the glove at
the last second.
Angle to the Ball
|
| Figure 4.3 Circling around the ball (a)
versus taking a direct angle to the ball (b)
|
To catch the ball, the outfielder must first reach the spot
where it will come down. Great outfielders get there early and are waiting for
the ball, making the catch look routine. If the ball is high enough and in
front of her, the player can circle around it to get in the best catching and
throwing position, but she must use a direct angle to hard-hit balls when the
first concern is simply getting to it.
- Circle around the ball--On routine fly balls the ideal technique is to
circle around the ball, line up with the receiver, and be waiting for the ball
(see figure 4.3). This requires the outfielder to know the direction of the hit
before the catch and to be where the ball would land in time to back off and
gather momentum into the throw. She should sprint to a spot about 10 feet
beyond where the ball would land. The player never drifts to the ball; instead,
she hurries and is there waiting. She moves her body around the ball to face
the direction of the throw before making contact with it. The outfielder should
track the ball from the hitter's contact spot to the glove. She times the
approach so that when she touches the ball all the momentum is moving forward
and through the ball on line with the target. Players should use this technique
for ground balls as well.
- Direct angle to the ball -- A player often doesn't have the time to circle
and be waiting for the ball. Quickness to the ball is the goal, and moving to
the ball in a straight line on a direct angle is always the fastest way to
cover any distance (see figure 4.3). The player sprints directly to the spot
where she will field the ball and then turns her body abruptly to face the ball
as she fields it.
Diving for Balls
Outfielders can usually take the chance of diving for short
fly balls in front of them. Because of the trajectory, the ball won't go far
even if it is not catchable. On the other hand it is risky for left or right
fielders to dive for a line drive that is between them and the foul line
because there is no backup. Outfielders can dive for balls that are falling
between them if they are sure the other outfielder can get to the backup
position should the ball get through.
| Coaching Points for Catching Fly Balls
- Always catch with two hands. The ideal position is above the head and in
front of the throwing shoulder.
- The first movement of your body is a short drop step back.
- Locate the ball and determine the angle you should take.
- When time permits, circle around the ball and take your momentum forward
through the ball on line with the target.
- When you need to be quick, use a direct angle to the ball. Sprint to the
spot for the catch and then turn to the target to throw.
- Always attempt to keep your eyes on the ball.
- Be comfortable with both the inside and outside rolls. Use quick feet to
maintain balance.
- Run on the balls of your feet using good running technique. Don't extend
your glove until the last moment.
|
CATCHING GROUND BALLS
To field ground balls, the outfielder should keep the ball
in front of the body. She positions the feet slightly closer together than an
infielder would when fielding ground balls. Ground balls can be categorized as
controllable (rolling smoothly and slower) or uncontrollable (bouncing wildly).
The game situation dictates how each should be played:
- No reason to take a chance of misplaying the ball.
- There is an advantage in taking a slight chance that the ball will get
through.
- Do it or go home a loser.
|
| Figure 4.4 Blocking the ball in the outfield
|
Blocking
When there is no possible play for a putout and no reason to
take a chance, the outfielder blocks the ball. This technique should always be
used on a sure hit with no runners on base, with uncontrollable balls, and on
very rough ground when there is no backup should the ball get by. The goal is
to make a wall behind the ball to eliminate the possibility that it will get
by. The fielder runs directly to the ball, assumes a set position in line with
the path of the ball, and waits for
it to come the last 8 to 10 feet. She turns sideways to the
ball in a stride position and drops on the back knee. The knee should be
against the heel of the front foot with the shin of the back leg lying parallel
to the ground (see figure 4.4). The shoelaces of the back foot are flat on the
ground so that the leg forms a barrier to the ball. The outfielder twists the
upper body so that the chest remains facing the ball. She places the glove on
the ground in front of her body to catch the ball.
Some players may feel comfortable using either leg,
depending on the direction they are running. Players can choose to use the same
leg on every play, however, because they have enough time to turn themselves in
the proper position.
One-Hand Scoop
Outfielders use the one-hand scoop when a play to the
infield is an option, for example, a throw to a base on a force play. This
technique is safest on controllable bails or when a backup is in position. The
outfielder charges hard at the ball and in the direction of the throw. To do
this, she may have to come around the ball slightly. The outfielder keeps the
ball in front of the body and is square to it when fielding. She stretches the
glove in front of her body, keeping the glove low to the ground and
concentrating on forward momentum. The fielder tracks the ball all the way to
the glove. The glove action is a snap up or a slight give to control the ball.
If giving or gathering the ball, the player makes sure the glove is well out in
front of the body so that even with the backward give, the glove remains in
front of the body. Some players have a tendency to draw the glove too far back
and run past the ball.
Should the play be made in front of the body or to the side?
By fielding the ball in front of the body, the player can still block a ball
she can't handle. Fielding to the side is a little more advanced and more
comfortable for some, but doing so increases the odds that a ball will get by.
Review the section on running through the ball in chapter 1. Because
outfielders are scooping to go after a runner, they should practice short
throws to the bases from the scoop, throwing or flipping in one step.
Do or Die
In some situations the game is over if the play is not made.
So regardless of the type of ball (a hard shot, uncontrollable bounces, the
ball bouncing close to the feet, or a shot to the player's side), the
outfielder must try to make the catch. She may have to short hop it or reach to
the side without attempting to block it as she would in different circumstances
when playing it safe. She must charge directly to the ball, keeping her body
under control. The fielder scoops up the ball using the technique described
earlier for a one-hand scoop but without attention to fielding it safely. The
main difference is the speed of the approach to the ball. Although the player
is gambling with her glove work, she must maintain balance to have a chance at
making the play. The player should estimate the time she has to make the play
so that she does not commit an error by rushing more than necessary. On sinking
line drives the fielder will have to short hop the ball and hope to catch it.
| Coaching Points for Catching Ground Balls
- Your goal is to always keep the ball in front of your body.
- Know the game situation. Can you afford to take a chance?
- Always block uncontrollable balls unless it is a do-or-die game situation.
· Scoop controllable balls when there is a possible infield play. ·
Dive for short fly balls in front of you.
- Don't dive for hard-hit balls if there is no backup.
- Always be aware of your backup before you commit.
|
BASIC POSITIONING AND ADJUSTMENTS
Outfielders must consider several factors in positioning
themselves. Additional information on adjusting to the game situation and the
importance of communicating adjustments are covered in "Defensive
Positioning" in chapter 7. Outfielders must consider these items:
- Their abilities. How well does each outfielder go up, back, sideways? What
is the strength of their arms?
- Speed, strengths, and weaknesses of adjacent players. Outfielders should
use the strengths of their teammates and help with their weaknesses. The
ability of the infielders in front of them to go back.
- The type of pitcher, pitch, and pitch location. The kind of pitch and the
speed with which it is thrown has an expected outcome. Outfielders should
adjust in for a dropball pitcher and back for a predominately rise-ball
pitcher. If the pitcher is slow, the outfield looks for the batter to pull the
ball. When playing behind a pitcher with speed, the outfielder expects late
swings and more balls to the opposite field. Outfielders should know the count.
If the pitcher is ahead, they pull in. If the pitcher is behind, they shade to
the power alley and back up a few steps.
- Type of hitter. Outfielders should move back a few steps for the power
hitters and pull way in for the slappers. Which way is the batter trying to hit
the ball? With an open stance to pull the ball? Or with a closed stance to hit
to the opposite field? Shifts may be made according to the hitter's tendencies
and by knowing how the pitcher is going to pitch to the hitter. Outfielders
must be careful not to leave significant gaps that can hurt the team should the
pitcher miss her spot or hang a pitch. Shifts should be only a few steps in the
direction the batter is expected to hit the ball. The defense should play an
unknown batter in regular position.
- Number of outs, inning, and score. Do the outfielders play aggressively or
safe? When the team is ahead late in the game, they play a few steps deeper to
prevent extrabase hits and don't gamble on line drives or hard-hit ground
balls. With the winning run on third base and less than two out, they play in
close enough that on a fly ball they can comfortably throw out the runner. A
deep fly ball ends the game, so they don't have to worry about a ball over
their heads.
- Distance and height of the fence. The outfield can use a high fence as an
extra player and play in several steps. A deep fence or no fence means that
they have to play back so that nothing gets by for extra bases.
By knowing the pitch to be thrown, outfielders have valuable
information about what to expect. Having the infield signal when the pitcher is
throwing a change can help the outfield adjust. When a pickoff is called,
outfielders need to know so that they can be prepared to back up the throw. By
continuously talking and reviewing the game situation, the number of outs, and
the speed of any runners, players will be less likely to make mental errors.
Outfielders are in position to spot a steal attempt and should help alert the
infield. Talking helps keep everyone's head in the game and results in a
cohesive, coordinated team effort.
OUTFIELD RESPONSIBILITIES
Outfielders never just stand around---on every play there is
something to do. From backing up infielders to covering bases or rundowns,
outfielders have many responsibilities. Catching a fly ball may appear easy but
catching the "betweeners" requires a lot of teamwork. With runners on
base the priority is getting the ball quickly to the infield and knowing where
to throw. Outfielders also need to learn to play the fence and to use the rules
to their advantage. They must understand their position well.
Runners on Base
Deciding where to throw the ball is the most difficult
decision outfielders must make. The choice must often be made in a
high-pressure situation. Before each pitch the outfielders should review the
situation and anticipate the play they may have to make. How fast are the
runners? What are the capabilities of the batter? Is the opposing coach
aggressive or conservative? Knowing what to expect can help the outfield
respond more quickly. Knowledge gives confidence, and confidence improves
execution.
As soon as the outfielder catches the ball, she must get it
to the infield. She cannot stand and hold the ball. The outfielder makes the
play on the lead runner when possible. When she is unlikely to throw out a
runner, she tries to keep the back runner from advancing.
When the runner is obviously not going, the outfielder can
run the ball in or throw to the relay infielder. Closing the gap by running
toward the infield helps eliminate errors on the throw. But the outfielder must
first make sure that the runner is not going anywhere.
If there is no play, the outfielder can try to make one.
When a ball is hit to the outfield with the bases loaded and two outs, all
runners must get safely to the next base for the run to count. The slowest
runner is usually the runner going to second because that runner has a tendency
to slow and watch the play at home. A quick throw to second can end the inning.
In any bases-loaded situation, the outfielder should look for someone to throw
out if she can't get the lead runner.
Betweeners
Balls hit between players must be caught. Fear of a
collision, however, often causes a player to back off the play and leave it for
another. When both back off, the ball drops without a play being made. Players
need to understand which fielder has priority and communicate clearly about who
will make the catch.
The outfielder always has priority over an infielder because
the outfielder is in a better position to make the play. The outfielders are
moving in to make the play, so the ball and all possible plays are in front of
them. Infielders should go back hard after the ball until an outfielder calls
for it. The ball should be called for early so the infielder can get out of the
outfielder's way. If the infielder is to make the play, the outfielder acts as
a backup. The outfielders must avoid coming so close that their footsteps or
shadows scare the infielders off the ball.
The center fielder is usually the strongest outfielder and
generally has priority over the other outfielders. The coach should clarify
this after evaluating individual abilities. Players should understand and
accept strengths and weaknesses, and practice giving way when appropriate. For
example, when a ball is hit past two outfielders, the one with the stronger arm
should make the throw. Position will also determine who can best make the play.
On a ball hit between center and right, a right-handed right fielder is in the
best position to throw to third.
Outfielders should not back off the ball too early. Each
fielder should assume that she alone is making the play. Players must pursue
the ball hard until one of them calls for it. On many fly balls two outfielders
could make the catch, so it is critical that the ball be called for early and
decisively with an understanding of who has priority. Players should call for a
fly ball when it is at its highest point. The other outfielder then backs up
the play and, if possible, checks the runner and tells the fielder where to
throw.
Backing Up
Errors will occur and balls will get by fielders, but a good
backup will limit the damage. Outfielders should hustle to back up every hit
ball and throw. From the backup position a player can also help direct the
throw. Backup responsibilities do not end until all possibilities of further
action are exhausted (see table 4.1 on page 74 for a summary of the backup
responsibilities of each outfielder).
|
| Figure 4.5 Outfield Backup Position
|
Outfielders must hustle to back up the adjacent outfielder
going for the ball. The backup player should be 10 to 12 feet behind the
fielder in a position to react to a ball that gets through (see figure 4.5).
Only then can the outfielder making the play try for the ball confidently and
aggressively. Knowing that someone is behind her gives her the freedom to dive
for balls.
On balls to the infield, the appropriate outfielder should
move directly to the ball with the assumption that the ball will get by the
infielder. All fielders should take several steps to the ball until it is clear
which player is in the best position to be the primary backup.
If the ball is not hit in a particular outfielder's
direction, she has responsibility to back up a base. The outfielder lines up
with the anticipated throw and 10 to 12 feet behind the base. The center
fielder is the primary backup for second base. The left fielder covers third
base and backs up second base on throws from the right side when the center
fielder is not able to be there. The right fielder always backs up first on
every throw from the infield. When the ball is hit toward the second baseman,
the right fielder must first play the ball. If the infielder fields it, the
right fielder hustles to back up the throw. On all other infield ground balls,
the right fielder must instantly sprint to backup position behind first base.
|
| Figure 4.6 Center Fielder's backup
adjustments
|
Outfielders must also be ready to adjust for secondary
throws. A good example occurs when the center fielder is backing up second base
on a sacrifice-bunt attempt. With a runner on first, the infielder fielding the
bunt first looks to second to make the throw. The center fielder must line up
expecting that throw. If the infielder changes her mind and throws instead to
first, the center fielder must quickly adjust her position toward left field to
back up a possible pickoff attempt from first (see figure 4.6). During
defensive practice, players should occasionally overthrow bases to make sure
backups are in correct position to make the catch.
Covering Bases
In some instances outfielders need to cover a base. They
should know the proper footwork to cover the base and know how to apply a tag
(see chapter 3, pages 52-53). On a bunt the left fielder should be prepared to
cover third base if the shortstop has gone to second and the third baseman is
fielding the bunt. On a bunt with a runner on second, the center fielder covers
second because the shortstop is covering third. See table 4.1 for a summary of
the base-coverage responsibilities of each outfielder.
Rundowns
When runners are caught in a rundown, the outfielders are
often part of the defensive rotation. Review the techniques involved (see
chapter 7, page 141) on team defense and see table 4.1 on page 74 for a summary
of the rundown responsibilities of each outfielder.
Playing the Fence
Outfielders must have no fear of playing the fence. Right
and left fielders must contend not only with the outfield fence but also with a
sideline fence. Outfielders must know how the ball rebounds off the fence and
how the fence will absorb body contact. If it is a breakaway fence, they should
practice going through it while making a catch. High fly balls often permit the
outfielder the luxury of first finding the fence and then focusing on the ball.
Counting and remembering the number of running steps to the fence from the
normal playing position can help the player know where the fence is when making
a play. When making a catch near the fence, the bent-leg slide is a safe
option. For more details see fence play in chapter 1, page 14.
| Table 4.1
Outfield Defensive Responsibilities for Backups, Base Coverage and Rundowns
|
| Left fielder
Backs up: Balls hit to nonglove side of shortstop, third
baseman, and center field; throws to second base from the right side
Covers: Third base any time shortstop must go to second and
when the third baseman cannot get back
Rundowns: Behind third baseman
Center fielder
Backs up: Balls hit to glove side of shortstop, nonglove
side of the second baseman, pitcher, left and right field; throws to second
including pickoff plays from catcher at second.
Covers: Second base when second baseman or shortstop are
committed elsewhere, for example, bunt with runner at second.
Rundowns: Behind second baseman
Special plays: May cover second on surprise pickoff play
from catcher.
Right fielder
Backs up: Balls hit to first base, glove side of second
baseman, and center field; all throws to first base; throws to second base from
left field.
Covers: First base when first and second basemen are
committed elsewhere.
Rundowns: Behind first baseman
|
KNOW THE RULES
Players must clearly understand the rules that govern
dead-ball situations and the effects of the catch-and-carry rule. With runners
on base outfielders should not catch and carry the ball out of bounds unless
they can afford to give runners a free base. When there is not a fence around
the field, lines placed at least 25 feet beyond and parallel to the foul lines
are used to indicate what is in-bounds and what is out-of-bounds. A
catch-and-carry means that a player catches the ball in bounds to get the
batter out but then carries the ball into out-of-bounds (dead-ball) territory
by stepping beyond the line. Play is stopped, and if the catch didn't make the
third out of the inning all runners automatically advance an extra base (so a
runner on third would score). Catching a ball and falling over the fence
produces an out as long as the fielder holds on to the ball, but catching the
ball and then falling into dead-ball territory gives the runners a free base.
Outfielders should not play a ball that is trapped (caught in a fence) unless
doing so is to the team's advantage. Fielders should put up their hands to
indicate the ball is trapped or has gone through a hole in the fence. Runners
will get the base they are going to and one more when the umpire calls that the
ball is trapped. By playing the ball and keeping it live the runner may go for
as many bases as she can. If the award of two bases keeps the runner from
scoring, the fielders should not play a trapped ball and make it live but
should instead take the umpire's ruling. Similarly, if the ball is headed
out-of-bounds, fielders should choose to let it go and limit the runners'
advance to two bases.
Outfielders must know when to catch foul balls. With a
runner on third they should not catch a deep foul ball unless the team can
afford to give up a run when the base runner tags up. (With a big lead the out
is sometimes more important than the run.) On foul balls close to the line, the
base player can see the line better and should tell the outfielder whether to
catch the ball or let it go. If in doubt as to whether the ball is fair or
foul, players should assume it is fair.
OUTFIELD DRILLS
Outfielders must love to catch fly balls and should have the
opportunity to do so every day. Footwork and confidence can be developed using
toss drills at a short distance. With a partner, players can roll grounders and
toss fly balls to work on the basic skills. Every day, players should use the
footwork drills for catching fly balls covered in chapter 1 on page 18.
Machines can throw balls of all types (bloopers, line drives, deep flys, and
grounders), so outfielders can work at regular distance on the skills needed.
Batting practice provides the opportunity to practice playing balls off the
bat. Outfielders should play their regular positions and use proper technique.
No opportunity to improve should be wasted. Because 90 percent of all outfield
balls are in front of the outfielders, practice should emphasize skills
relevant to those balls. Coaches and players must be aware of the danger of
overusing the arm. Outfielders can save their arms by returning balls to
buckets instead of throwing long distance on every play.
Killers
Purpose: To practice getting behind the ball while fielding
and to improve conditioning.
Procedure: Partners stand about 30 feet apart. One partner
tosses a ball to various spots in front of the fielder, who runs to get behind
the ball, makes the catch, and makes a good return throw to the tosser. The
tosser throws balls for one minute before the players rotate.
Around the Ball
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| Figure 4.7 Around the ball drill
|
Purpose: To practice circling around the ball when catching
fly balls.
Procedure: Outfielders form a single-file line. A catcher
sets up to the left of a hitter. The fungo hitter hits high, soft fly balls to
the left side of the outfielder, high enough to allow the fielder time to get
in position. The outfielder comes around the ball to line up for a throw to the
catcher (see figure 4.7). Repeat the drill in the opposite direction with the
catcher setting up to the right of the hitter.
Shoot the Gap
Purpose: To practice getting behind a hit ball in the ideal
fielding position.
Procedure: Fielders are in line behind the left foul line
with a hitter and catcher at home plate. Each fielder starts on the foul line,
and the ball is hit in the gap between left field and center field. The fielder
makes an intense effort to field the ball while facing the catcher. Have a
group competition, awarding one point for fielding the ball, one point for a
good throw, and one point for fielding the ball facing the catcher. Go to the
opposite foul line and repeat from that side.
Fence Drill
Purpose: To learn to play the fence.
Procedure: This drill uses outfielders, a relay, and a
catcher. The outfielders form a line in left, right, or center field. A tosser
about 15 feet from the fence throws the ball so that it lands against the
fence. From a fielding position about 20 feet in front of the fence, an
outfielder goes quickly to the fence, plants her foot against it, picks up the
ball, listens for the relay's voice, and throws to her. Emphasize the bent
front leg for the throw and hitting the relay.
Variation: To save the relay's arm, save time, and eliminate
the need for a catcher, the relay can fake throw home (still using proper
technique) and put the ball in a bucket.
Covering Drill
Purpose: To have adjacent outfielders practice
communicating, taking an angle to the ball, and backing up each other.
Procedure: Two lines of outfielders about 40 feet apart face
a hitter with a catcher. Balls are hit between the two fielders. One outfielder
calls for the ball and takes the direct (short) angle to the ball. The other
outfielder takes a deep (long) angle and backs up her teammate, ready to field
the ball. Players can put balls in buckets to save time and arms. Players
rotate to the end of the opposite line.
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| Figure 4.8 Down the line up the
alley drill
|
Down the Line, Up the Alley
Purpose: To practice fielding balls and taking angles for
balls down the line and in the alleys.
Procedure: This drill requires four outfielders, receivers
at second base and third base, a hitter, and a catcher (see figure 4.8).
Because the center fielder is always involved on balls to the gap, it is best
to use two--one in left center and one in right center. The left and right
fielders are in normal position. The ball is fungoed alternately to the two
pairs of outfielders in the alley and down the line. The first ball is hit down
the left-field line, the second to the right-field line, the third to the
left-field alley, and the fourth to the right-field alley. Outfielders work on
short-angle and deep-angle coverage and hitting the relay or bases. Have each
fielder throw to both second and third base. Use extra outfielders or pitchers
to cover the bases if the infielders are busy elsewhere. Have players return
balls to the catcher or use a bucket at each base.
Blooper Drill
Purpose: To communicate and establish coverage on balls hit
between the infield and outfield.
Procedure: A catcher, middle infielders, and outfielders
take their normal fielding positions. Use a ball machine or fungo bat to hit
bloopers between the infielders and outfielders. Emphasize the infield going
back hard until called off. If necessary, outfielders should dive for bloopers
to make the catch. Players return the ball to the catcher at home, who feeds
the hitter or machine.
Outfield Around
Purpose: To practice fielding all types of hits and throwing
to bases from all outfield positions.
Procedure: Use receivers at first and third, a hitter and
catcher at home, and at least four outfielders because the drill requires a lot
of running.
 |
| Round #1
Figure 4.9 Outfield around drill
|
Round #1
- Players form a line in right field. Each player fields a ground ball,
scoops and throws to first, and sprints to center field.
- The player catches a deep fly ball in left-center field and throws to
third. She then sprints to left field.
- She catches a fly ball hit down the left-field line and throws home. She
sprints to right field, going behind home plate (see figure 4.9).
Round #2
- From right field the outfielder comes around a ground ball and throws to
third.
- In center field she scoops a ground ball and throws home.
- She catches a fly to the deep left-field alley and throws to third (see
figure 4.9). 1. The outfielder catches a fly ball to right field and throws
home. 3. In left field she fields a ground ball, runs toward second to hold the
batter-base runner, and then sets and throws home (see figure 4.9).
 |
 |
| Round #2
Figure 4.9 Outfield around drill
|
Round #3
Figure 4.9 Outfield around drill
|
Round #3
- The outfielder catches a fly ball to right field and throws home.
- She catches a short fly to the right-field alley and throws to third
- In left field she fields a ground ball, runs toward second to hold the
batter-base runner, and then sets and throws home (see figure 4.9)
Decision Drill
Purpose: To improve outfield decision making about whether
to go for the lead runner or the batter.
Procedure: Use a full defense minus the pitcher with runners
at home and first going on the hit. A runner at home starts on the right side
of the plate out of the hitter's way and goes on contact to make the play
realistic. She runs to first and joins the line there. The hitter hits various
types of balls to the outfield. The fielder must decide whether to go for the
lead runner or throw behind her and stop the second runner. Move runners to
different starting positions and vary the types of balls played.
Scoring from Second to Home and Home to Second
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| Figure 4.10 Scoring from second to home
and home to second drill
|
Purpose: To improve outfielder decision making on whether to
go for the lead runner or the batter-base runner. The on-deck batter practices
coaching the runner coming home, and pitchers practice backing up home.
Procedure: From home plate the hitter hits balls to all
parts of the outfield. The runner attempts to score, and the batter tries to
reach second (see figure 4.10). The runner at home starts on the right side of
the plate out of the hitter's way and goes on contact to make the play
realistic. The runner at second assumes a leadoff position and then reacts to
the hit. The outfielder must choose to throw home or to the second baseman or
shortstop covering second. The first baseman assumes the cutoff position. On
the hit the pitcher immediately takes proper backup position at home (see
chapter 5). The on-deck batter moves into position behind home plate, facing
the runner and giving hand signals to the runner to stand or slide to one side
of the plate or the other. Runners can actually slide or can stay upright and
swing wide to the right to avoid any contact. Players rotate. The runner going
home moves to the on-deck batter circle (ready to coach the next runner at
home) and then joins the runners at home. Pitchers rotate to the pitcher's
mound from the line behind the first-base line.
Variation: Add the shortstop to practice relays on balls
through or over the outfield.
Holding Runner to a Single
Purpose: To improve the left fielder's ability to hold the
batter-base runner to a single.
Procedure: Several outfielders form a line in left field. A
second baseman and catcher are at their normal positions. The outfielder
assumes a normal defensive position. The hitter fungo hits down the left-field
line. The runner makes an aggressive turn toward second, putting pressure on
the left fielder to field the ball cleanly and hold the runner at first.
Variation: Add right fielders to practice proper backup of
second base.
|
| Figure 4.11 Weave drill.
|
Weave Drill
Purpose: To improve conditioning while catching fly balls.
Procedure: Four players start in a line in left field (see
figure 4.11 ). A tosser throws a ball to the first player, who fields and
throws the ball back to the tosser and then runs toward center field to catch
another ball thrown by the same person. The fielder returns that ball to
another tosser at second base, who repeats the sequence as the fielder
continues to run toward right field. A third thrower at first base repeats the
sequence. Fielders wait in right field and then repeat the drill going the
other way. This is a good drill for all players.
Four in One
Purpose: To work on scoops, short hops, bloopers, and
relays. This drill teaches aggressiveness and is a good conditioning drill when
the line is not too long.
Procedure: Players stand in a single-file line about 20 feet
from a tosser. They all complete each drill before moving to the next.
- The first player runs toward the tosser and scoops a rolling ground ball.
The fielder tosses the ball back and returns on the run to the end of the line.
All in line complete drill #1 before the tosser starts the next drill (#2).
- For drill #2 each player, in turn, fields a short hop, tosses the ball
back, and returns to the end of the line.
- In drill #3 each player fields a blooper, diving if necessary. The tosser
simply pops (tosses) the ball up before the charging fielder. The fielder
tosses the ball back and returns to the end of the line.
- In the last drill players work on the relay throw. The first ball is a
grounder that the fielder tosses back to the tosser. The fielder then turns to
chase a ball thrown over her head. She gets the ball and hits the relay, who is
the next person in line. The relay has moved out from the line and is waving
her arms and calling for the ball. The relay makes the relay throw, then turns
and runs toward the tosser to field a ground ball and continue the drill.
